Lavender's popularity spans almost all of time and cultures, making it one of the most versatile and beloved herbs in history. It has been traditionally valued for its medicinal and anti-bacterial attributes, as well as its aromatherapy and perfumery qualities. As of late, lavender has had an incredible uptick in popularity that just keeps climbing, for many reasons. Through distilling lavender essential oil, we are able to capture the fragrance, terpenes, and therapudic compounds all in a little vial. We're all familiar with the term "essential oil" but how is it made?
Steam Lavender Essential Oil Distillation At A Glance
The process of essential oil distillation is both an art and a science, transforming the lavender blossoms into a concentrated liquid elixir. This method, often referred to as steam distillation, involves gently extracting the oil from the plant's buds and flowers, using steam to preserve its potent properties while ensuring that the fragrant notes remain intact. Each step, from the early morning hand harvesting of the lavender plants, to the precise control of temperature during distillation, plays a crucial role in determining the quality and aroma of the final product. This process not only highlights lavender’s enchanting scent but also enhances its therapeutic benefits, making it a well known staple in holistic wellness and natural remedies. Understanding how this ever poopular oil is created deepens our appreciation for lavender and its profound impact on our well-being.
Our Distillation Equipment
1.) Large Propane Burner (used to heat the water reservior - Ideal temp for this is between 185 and 212 degrees, to generate steam without boiling plant material)
2.) Water Reservoir (Filled about halfway for a typical 12 hour distillation session )
3.) "Herb Basket" (separates the lavender plant material from the water with copper straining disks)
4.) Lyne Arm or "Swan Neck" allows essential oil vapor to travel up out of the pot and into the condenser
5.) Condenser (Lyne arm coils inside the condenser vessel which is filled with a continuous flow of cold water to cool the essential oil vapor back down into a liquid)
6.) Exit Spout (this is where the Florentine flask is connected, pictured below)
7.) Copper straining disk ( connects to herb basket)
The essential oil extracting process begins at the very bottom of the left side of the apparatus, where there is a large propane burner. We leave this running for roughly 12 hours, which heats the water at the bottom segment of the still nearly to a boil. The steam rises to the middle section of the still, and holds about 80- 100 pounds of fresh lavender buds and flowers. The steam then flows upwards and through the pipe connecting the two sides of the apparatus. The pipe spirals into the right side of the still, which has a continuous flow of cool water. This converts the steam back into liquid, which drips into a separatory Florentine funnel, and thus, oil and hydrosol are born. With the help of this special flask, we are able to see the essential oil separate and float on top of the Hydrosol, which we drain as the funnel fills to manually separate the two liquids.
Roughly every 10 minutes, a small lever is turned at the bottom of the Florentine Funnel, which drains the hydrosol. The lever is then quickly closed to prevent the oil from flowing out as well. After the 12 hours of distillation has concluded, about 3-5 gallons of hydrosol are produced and filtered for use, and approximately 4 ounces of oil are produced.
Fun Facts and Things We've Learned
To keep any steam from escaping from the still, the seams are sealed together with a paste made of water and rye flour, which dries and hardens with the heat.
To get a higher essential oil yield, we harvest our lavender early in the morning. The EO percentage is higher in the morning, as some oil evaporates from the sunlight throughout the day.
Lavender Essential Oil is often considered the most versatile Essential oil.
Lavender oil has both antimicrobial and antibacterial properties
The temperature during distillation is crucial. Different compounds in essential oils have different boiling points, so carefully controlling the temperature helps preserve the delicate aromatic molecules while avoiding oil degradation.
To learn more, visit the "Online Courses" tab on our website, where you can find free resources and downloadable PDF's about lavender farming, and first access to Lavender Farm School, launching later this year!
Essential Oil FAQ's
1. What is steam distillation?
Steam distillation is a method used to extract essential oils from plant materials. It involves passing steam through the plant material, which vaporizes the volatile compounds. The steam and vapor are then condensed back into liquid form, separating the essential oil from the water.
2. Why is steam distillation preferred for extracting essential oils?
Steam distillation is preferred because it allows for the extraction of essential oils without damaging the delicate compounds. It maintains the integrity and therapeutic properties of the oils, making it suitable for a wide range of plants.
3. What plants can be distilled using steam distillation?
Most aromatic plants can be distilled using steam distillation, including lavender, rosemary, peppermint, eucalyptus, and many more. However, some plants may require different extraction methods, such as cold pressing or solvent extraction.
4. How long does the steam distillation process take?
The duration of the steam distillation process varies depending on the plant material and the desired yield of essential oil. It typically takes anywhere from a few hours to several hours for complete extraction.
5. What equipment is needed for steam distillation?
Essential equipment for steam distillation includes a distillation apparatus, which typically consists of a steam generator, a distillation flask or chamber, a condenser, and a receiving flask. Some setups may also require additional components like separators to isolate the essential oil from the hydrosol (water).
6. What is the difference between essential oils and hydrosols?
Essential oils are concentrated extracts of volatile compounds from plants, while hydrosols (also known as floral waters) are the byproduct of steam distillation, containing water-soluble compounds from the same plants. Hydrosols have a lighter scent and can be used in cosmetics, culinary applications, and aromatherapy.
7. Can I distill essential oils at home?
While it is possible to distill essential oils at home using small-scale distillation equipment, it requires knowledge of the process and safety precautions. Home distillation should be approached with caution, as improper techniques can result in low-quality oils or safety hazards.
8. What safety precautions should I take when distilling essential oils?
When distilling essential oils, ensure you work in a well-ventilated area, use heat-resistant equipment, and follow proper safety protocols. Always handle hot equipment with care and avoid direct contact with steam or hot surfaces.
9. How do I store essential oils after distillation?
Store essential oils in dark glass bottles to protect them from light and heat, which can degrade their quality. Keep them in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and out of reach of children.
10. What are some common uses for essential oils?
Essential oils can be used for aromatherapy, massage, skincare, household cleaning, and as natural remedies for various health concerns. They can also be incorporated into products like candles, soaps, and perfumes.
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